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The History of Graphic Design & Desktop Publishing |
| While Graphic Design as a discipline has a relatively recent history, graphic design like activities span the history of humankind: from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the dazzling neons of Ginza. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of visual communication in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is sometimes a blurring distinction and over-lapping of advertising art, graphic design and fine art. | ||
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After all, they share many of the same elements, theories, principles, practices and languages, and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design, "the essence is to give order to information, form to ideas, expression and feeling to artefacts that document human experience." | ||
The Advent of PrintingDuring the Tang Dynasty (618–906) between the 4th and 7th century A.D. wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book. Beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using movable type printing making books widely available during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Sometime around 1450, Johann Gutenberg's printing press made books widely available in Europe. The book design of Aldus Manutius developed the book structure which would become the foundation of western publication design. This era of graphic design is called Humanist or Old Style.Emergence of the design industryIn late 19th century Europe, especially in the United Kingdom, the movement began to separate graphic design from fine art. Piet Mondrian is known as the father of graphic design. He was a fine artist, but his use of grids inspired the modern grid system used today in advertising, print and web layout. |
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In 1849, Henry Cole became one of the major forces in design education in Great Britain, informing the government of the importance of design in his Journal of Design and Manufactures. He organized the Great Exhibition as a celebration of modern industrial technology and Victorian design. From 1891 to 1896 William Morris' Kelmscott Press published books that are | ||
some of the most
significant of the graphic design products of the Arts and Crafts
movement, and made a very lucrative business of creating books of
great stylistic refinement and selling them to the wealthy for a
premium. Morris proved that a market existed for works of graphic
design in their own right and helped pioneer the separation of
design from production and from fine art. The work of the Kelmscott
Press is characterized by its obsession with historical styles. This
historicism was, however, important as it amounted to the first
significant reaction to the stale state of nineteenth-century
graphic design. Morris' work, along with the rest of the Private
Press movement, directly influenced Art Nouveau and is indirectly
responsible for developments in early twentieth century graphic
design in general.Twentieth Century DesignWho originally coined the term "graphic design" appears to be in dispute. It has been attributed to Richard Guyatt, the British designer and academic, but another source suggests William Addison Dwiggins, an American book designer in the early 20th century. The signage in the London Underground is a classic design example of the modern era and used a font designed by Edward Johnston in 1916. |
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In the 1920s, Soviet constructivism applied 'intellectual production' in different spheres of production. The movement saw individualistic art as useless in revolutionary Russia and thus moved towards creating objects for utilitarian purposes. They designed buildings, theatre sets, posters, fabrics, clothing, furniture, logos, menus, etc. Jan Tschichold codified the principles of | ||
| modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography. He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Tschichold, Bauhaus typographers such as Herbert Bayer and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, and El Lissitzky are the fathers of graphic design as we know it today. They pioneered production techniques and stylistic devices used throughout the twentieth century. The following years saw graphic design in the modern style gain widespread acceptance and application. A booming post-World War II American economy established a greater need for graphic design, mainly advertising and packaging. The emigration of the German Bauhaus school of design to Chicago in 1937 brought a "mass-produced" minimalism to America; sparking a wild fire of "modern" architecture and design. Notable names in mid-century modern design include Adrian Frutiger, designer of the typefaces Universe and Frutiger; Paul Rand, who, from the late 1930s until his death in 1996, took the principles of the Bauhaus and applied them to popular advertising and logo design, helping to create a uniquely American approach to European minimalism while becoming one of the principal pioneers of the subset of graphic design known as corporate identity; and Josef Müller-Brockmann, who designed posters in a severe yet accessible manner typical of the 1950s and 1970s era. | ||
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An excerpt From Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_design |
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Graphic Design Articles |
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The Graphic Design Process for a Logo Design - Sydney Services |
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Graphic Design Prices and Rates Guide - Sydney |
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Articles for Beginners |
| What is Graphic Design? | |
| The History of Graphic Design | |
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What is a Design Application? Plus a List of Applications |
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Copyright info sheets |
| Copyright for Graphic Designers | |
| Assigning & Licensing Copyright | |
| Legal Protection on Logos | |
| Creating & Publishing Websites |
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